Developing Top-Down and Bottom-Up Processes to Help Students Become More Effective Listeners

Lestari, Denok Developing Top-Down and Bottom-Up Processes to Help Students Become More Effective Listeners. In: THE 60th TEFLIN International Conference.

Text 3. Developing Top-Down Bottom-Up Listening.pdf Download (7MB)

Abstract

Many recent studies assume that language learning depends on listening since it provides the aural input as the basis for language. In real-life listening, students will have to use a combination of top-down or bottom-up listening processes, with more emphasis on either of them depending on their reasons for listening. Top-down listening processes are listenerbased, in which the listener uses his/her background knowledge of the topic, the situation or context, and the language. This background knowledge helps the listener interpret what is heard. On the other hand, bottom-up listening processes are text-based, where the listener relies on the language in the message, that is, the combination of sounds, words, and grammar that creates meaning. Indonesian students are generally lacking bottom-up processing skills since they do not have adequate linguistic competence. This paper is aimed to give contribution for language teachers in developing listening strategies in order to help students become effective listeners. Keywords: listening, top-down, bottom-up, processes, effective listeners.

Item Type:	Conference or Workshop Item (Paper)
Subjects:	P Language and Literature > PE English
Depositing User:	Dr Denok Lestari
Date Deposited:	16 Jul 2021 15:22
Last Modified:	16 Jul 2021 15:22
URI:	http://repository.ipb-intl.id/id/eprint/6

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